Natural jewels and jade have different hardnesses. If they are improperly worn or maintained, they may leave scratches on the surface. To choose the "tough guy" in the jewelry industry is not a diamond, but in reality, there are really few who are really not afraid of hard-hitting. Those jewels need to pay attention to its hardness. How should these jewels be properly protected? Gem hardness The "hardness" inside the gemstone is not the "soft and hard" concept of marshmallow or cement wall, but the ability of the gem to resist scratching, scratching and grinding, which is a kind of "wear resistance". A jewel with a high hardness will scratch a jewel with a lower hardness, but it is impossible. This wear resistance determines the durability of the stone, and the higher the hardness of the stone, the less likely it is to be damaged in everyday wear. Mohs hardness refers to the ability of a gemstone to resist mechanical action such as external indentation, scoring, or research on grinding, and its crystal structure, chemical bond, chemical composition, and the like. The hardness of a gemstone can be divided into absolute hardness and relative hardness. The absolute hardness is determined by a hardness tester under standard conditions; the relative hardness (ie, Mohs hardness) is the relative characterization hardness compared with the specified standard mineral, which is an important condition for judging the type of gemstone. Geology has a hardness table, represented by different minerals, and the hardness is divided into 10 levels: there is a well-remembered mouth: talc gypsum calcite, fluorite phosphorous long quartz, topaz corundum diamond. Gem wear mystery There is a saying that a gemstone with a hardness of 7 is suitable for everyday wear. This is based on the main component of dust in the air is quartz, its hardness is 7. A polished surface of a gemstone with a hardness of less than 7 is often abraded by the impact of dust in the air, and the surface becomes "hairy" and loses its original gloss, causing certain wear. In fact, the dust in the air is very small for the wear of the gemstone. It may take a year and a half to see that the gloss is reduced, and there is no need to be overly stressed! Mineral hardness representative Qingtian Stone The name of the Qingtian stone is pyrophyllite, the main mineral components are pyrophyllite and quartz, and the symbiotic minerals are corundum, diaspore, andalusite, kaolinite and a small amount of bluestone and greenstone. It has a Mohs hardness of 1-1.5, which is suitable for engraving and is often used as a seal stone or engraving. amber Amber has a Mohs hardness of 2-2.5. People have long been aware of the "softness" of amber. The nails on the amber surface may be scratched. Therefore, the daily maintenance of amber becomes more important. pearl Pearl is another organic gemstone with a Mohs hardness of 2.5-4.5 depending on the growth environment. And the difference in composition, resulting in poor hardness. The pearl is not scratch-resistant, and once the surface of the nacre falls, it is difficult to make up. In everyday wear, pearls are carefully cared for. coral Coral has a Mohs hardness of 3-4. As a kind of organic gemstone, we are most familiar with red coral. In fact, there are many varieties of corals, and due to the increasing emphasis on ecological protection, the production of corals is inevitably reduced. Therefore, coral jewelry and ornaments are bound to become more and more tight. malachite Malachite has a Mohs hardness of 3.5-4 and is a copper-containing carbonate mineral belonging to the monoclinic system. The crystal form is often columnar or acicular, very rare, usually in the form of crypto-crystal milk, block, husk, tuberculosis and fibrous aggregates. Concentric layered, fiber radial structure. There are green, malachite green, dark green and so on. Often with a strip, silky luster or glass luster. Malachite is often made into bracelets and beads for special textures. Because its hardness is not high, it is necessary to avoid collision and friction with high-hardness stones. Opal The beauty of the gemstones, on a piece of opal stone, you can see the flame of ruby, amethyst-like stains, emerald green sea, colorful, seamless, beautiful. However, the Mohs hardness of Opal is only 5-6. Although it is much stronger than the pearls, amber and coral mentioned above, it can face the quartz that is ubiquitous in nature. Opal should be careful. Lapis lazuli, turquoise, these stones that are loved by Chinese people, Mohs hardness is also comparable to Opal, therefore, also need careful care. turquoise Mohs hardness of some other stones: Hetian jade: 6~6.5 Jade: 6.5~7 Tanzanite: 6~7 Crystal: 7 Tourmaline, garnet: 7~8 Spinel, Topaz: 8 Opal: 8~8.5 Emerald: 7.5~8 Ruby, Sapphire: 9 Diamond: 10 Protecting jewelry - to be open Gemstones with different Mohs hardness must be placed separately, and the gemstones with high hardness are worn to cause wear and tear. At the same time, avoiding high temperatures and avoiding chemical reagents is also a problem that must be paid attention to in the maintenance of all gemstones.
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Gemstones with very low hardness in the jewelry industry